在最好的情况下,关系可能会变得复杂。但是,当您看到自己所爱的人(例如老年父母,祖父母或密友)照顾他们的健康, stepping in isn't always so simple.
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关于7 percent of adults age 65 and older need help with personal care from other people, according to data from the 2018国家健康访谈调查。问题是,一些老年人不想接受任何外部帮助。其他时候,他们根本不知道他们需要帮助。
这可能使人们难以确定自己的亲人是否需要照顾。尽管如此,这些迹象经常在那里。马里兰州的信仰,在休斯顿Uthealth的McGovern医学院老年医学副教授。
她说:“当我与家人交谈时,很多时候他们回头时,他们说这些迹象就在那里,但它们是如此微妙。”
The goal for most aging adults is to be able to live at home — called "aging in place," says医学博士肯尼思·康普拉(Kenneth Koncilja),来自克利夫兰诊所的老年医学中心。不过,这并非总是可能的。
Here are a few signs your aging parent or loved one may need some extra help — ranked from least to most serious — and what to do.
提示
评估您所爱的人的健康时,一个重要的问题要问自己,“对他们来说这是正常的吗?”例如,有些人可能会经常放错钱包或钥匙 - 这对他们来说是典型的。但是,当一个通常有组织的人开始一直失去东西时,这表明他们可能在某种程度上挣扎。
1. Their Personal Hygiene Is Starting to Slip
If your once-meticulously groomed parent doesn't seem to be bathing (or shaving, or brushing their teeth) regularly, that could be a sign that they need another person to help them. They may find that getting in and out of the bathtub or shower can be difficult; in other instances, they may forget to bathe altogether.
该怎么办
安排时间来拜访他们两到三次,持续几周,以协助他们洗澡,洗衣和其他修饰任务,看看这是否对你们都有用。然后,如果需要,请与医生谈论雇用家庭护理助手。
Atai博士说:“有些父母对协助他们的家庭成员开放,有些父母会与局外人更好地合作,他们可能会认为他更像是权威人物。”
2. They Aren't Meeting Up With Friends Anymore
即使您的父母或祖父母并不完全是社交蝴蝶,他们仍然有可能见到家人或朋友 - 例如,他们可能已经参加了宗教服务或每月一次遇见朋友吃早餐。当然,如果他们去过的话,这可能已经改变了实践社会疏远为了避免病毒。但是总的来说,如果他们至少没有努力去见他们的朋友或做他们曾经喜欢的社交事物,那么这是一个迹象,这是一个迹象。
Atai博士说:“有时候,社会化对他们来说太大了,因为他们意识到存在一些认知或听力障碍。”“对话和互动可能变得太复杂了。”
在其他情况下,这可能是抑郁或焦虑的可能标志。Koncilja博士说,这可能会发生“当人们有朋友或家人去世时。”
如果您注意到您所爱的人已经停止像以前那样频繁地给您打电话,并且您必须尽一切努力与他们交流,那么他们可能是withdrawing from others他也说。
该怎么办
如果您认为他们可能需要以听力设备的形式安排一些额外的帮助,请与您所爱的人讨论与听力学家安排约会的问题。如果您怀疑他们在痴呆或抑郁等疾病中挣扎,请与医生谈谈正确的下一步。
3.他们向“慈善机构”捐款很多
Financial abuse is widespread among older adults, according to theNational Institute on Aging(nia)。在某些情况下,应该归咎于家庭成员,朋友或照顾者 - 例如,通过偷走自己的物品或锻造支票。其他时候,一个陌生人可能是剥削的原因,甚至是巧妙的。
"People will come to the door and ask for money, and because people are lonely, they'll give it to them, and then it becomes a habit," Dr. Atai says. "Or maybe Mom donates to one charity, and the next minute, the phone is ringing off the hook with one charity after another."
该怎么办
如果您怀疑您所爱的人被经济利用或虐待,可以联系警察或Eldercare Locator,美国政府衰老的公共服务计划。其他建议Eldercare Locator:考虑雇用财务顾问或经理或制定房地产计划。
4. They're Having Trouble Driving
我们的反射和反应时间通常会随着年龄的增长而变慢。老年人也可以患有慢性疾病,例如白内障,这限制了他们的观察能力(尤其是在晚上)或关节炎,这可能会干扰他们转向或推动踏板的能力。
People with dementia or Alzheimer's may also not be able to make split-second decisions while they're driving — say, if someone runs a stop sign or jumps out in front of their car.
Atai博士说,尽管如此,拿走亲人的钥匙可能并不容易,尤其是因为这么多人重视他们的自主权。
If you can't evaluate their abilities — maybe you live far away or they won't let you drive with them — try examining their car for dents or scratches, or asking a neighbor for their input, per the NIA.
"I've had situations where the family has gone to visit [a loved one] and they looked fine," Dr. Atai says. "But then they talked to the neighbors, who said, 'Actually, he drove into the garage door twice in the last six months.'"
该怎么办
您可以要求您的父母或亲人的驾驶技能测试your state's Department of Motor Vehiclesor a driving specialist from the美国职业治疗协会。If they can no longer drive safely, they may be able to take alternative transportation services like Uber or arrange for a person from a volunteer organization to pick them up.
5.他们减轻了很多体重
对于任何人来说,烹饪餐可能很耗时,而且很累。但是对于一个可能难以阅读标签或切碎成分的人来说,这可能太多了。如果您的父母看起来像是减肥,或者他们的衣服看起来太大了,那么他们可能无法烹饪自己的饭菜并倒在零食食物中。
Poor-fitting dentures, too, can cause people to stop eating solid foods. "It's amazing how many times people come to me and say their dentures aren't fitting well, so they switch to soft foods, which tend to be less calorie- and nutrient-dense," Dr. Koncilja says.
其他时候,一个人可能已经发展了阿尔茨海默氏症,并且不断忘记吃饭,或者可能正在处理诸如抑郁症之类的潜在疾病淡淡的食欲。
该怎么办
如果您所爱的人不再做饭,请帮助他们注册食品送货服务或送餐计划,例如送餐上门, or hire an in-home aide who can do the cooking.
Koncilja博士说,如果需要安装新的假牙 - 有时会随着时间的流逝而变化,可以帮助他们安排与牙医的约会。
However, if they have a condition like Alzheimer's and are forgetting to eat, or can no longer safely use the oven (for example, they're burning food or don't remember to turn off the gas), that's a more serious sign that they may not be able to live alone anymore, according to the NIA.
6. They're Having Trouble Taking — or Remembering to Take — Their Medications
Each year, there are almost 450,000 hospital visits among adults over the age of 65 for injuries due to medication — including accidental overdoses or misusing medication, according to theCenters for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)。不正确地服用,某些药物会引起严重的症状,例如del妄或心pal。
Atai博士说:“我认为人们不会意识到,如果药物被超越或进行了。”她说:“很多时候,人们用药物来到诊所,不知道他们服用了什么或是否服用了它。”
该怎么办
You may be able to help your loved one organize a pill box, or come to their home to monitor them when they take their medications. A home health aide may also be able to visit them and help administer the medication.
但是,如果您所爱的人需要更多的帮助,他们可能需要更多的监督护理。2005年2月的较旧但仍然相关的评论毒品和衰老报道说,无法服药是人们过渡到疗养院的常见原因。
7. They've Had a Fall — and No One Was There to Help Them
瀑布是一个独自生活的人最严重的关切之一。它们也很普遍:根据急诊室,约有300万人在急诊室中接受跌倒。CDC。
Not only could a person break a hip or other bone, but they could be unable to get back up again, sometimes until a neighbor or family member finds them days later.
该怎么办
There are a few ways to帮助防止跌倒,并且有可用的设备,例如生活警报和GPS跟踪器,使老化的成年人可以按下按钮与紧急人员联系。但是,当一个人处于高风险秋天时(或者他们晚上开始徘徊),这是一个迹象,他们可能需要全天候的护理。
她说,不幸的是,有些人只是拒绝居住在自己的房子以外的任何地方。但是,除非您想采取法律行动(例如,通过获得授权书),您和您所爱的人可能需要找到自己想要的东西和最适合其健康的妥协。
Atai博士说:“您不能为另一个人定义'生活质量'。”“我有病人不允许任何人为他们提供帮助,直到事情变得非常糟糕……要说服他们需要帮助的人,这无非是紧急情况。”
有时,老年父母放弃对成年子女的控制可能特别棘手。但是,如果您担心父母的安全,您“不应该害怕从事他们的业务”。
她说:“毕竟说并完成了,您想知道自己尽了最大的努力。”“你不想回头,后悔你没有做任何事情。”
这是紧急情况吗?
- Eldercare Locator
- Eldercare定位器:“保护您的皮夹”
- 国家老化研究所:“洗澡,穿衣和修饰:阿尔茨海默氏症的护理技巧”
- National Institute on Aging: "Older Drivers"
- 国家老龄化研究所:“驾驶安全和阿尔茨海默氏病”
- 国家衰老研究所:“健康饮食和阿尔茨海默氏病”
- 梅奥诊所:“老龄父母:8个健康问题的警告信号”
- The New England Journal of Medicine: "Emergency Hospitalizations for Adverse Drug Events in Older Americans"
- 疾病控制与预防中心:“老年人预防”
- 药物与老化:“评估老年人的药物依从性”
- 美国衰老研究所:“虐待老人”
- 疾病控制和预防中心:“成人不良药物事件”