酵母提取物是通过去除酵母培养物的细胞壁并将细胞含量作为食物添加剂，调味剂和营养补充剂或制作啤酒的各种酵母产品的一般名称。酿酒师的酵母和营养酵母通常是专门生长的，是为了制作酵母提取物补充剂，应与贝克的酵母区分开，这是用于不同目的的另一种产品。补充酵母提取物可以以液态，食物酱或粉末状胶囊的形式消耗。酵母提取物的健康益处与其高营养含量直接相关，尽管始终建议在开始补充之前与您的医生进行咨询。
制造酵母提取物
为补充剂或食品制作酵母提取物的一种常见方法，例如蔬菜和辣椒，是在酵母的悬浮液中添加盐。酵母细胞萎缩并开始分解，尤其是一旦加热。然后除去酵母的厚细胞壁，从而留下细胞营养丰富的含量。处理后的提取物是蛋白质，维生素和矿物质的很好的来源。
蛋白质
营养酵母是酿酒酵母的禁用形式。根据“当代营养”，它有时被称为“素食蛋白”，因为它是含有18种氨基酸的完整蛋白质来源。多达55％的营养酵母提取物是由蛋白质或氨基酸组成的，您的身体需要它们来构建肌肉，结缔组织和酶。蛋白质也可以在细胞中代谢以获取能量。如果您是素食主义者或低胆固醇饮食，则酵母提取物是肉类，乳制品或坚果的良好替代品，它们的蛋白质也很丰富，但脂肪含量很高。
Vitamins
Brewer's and nutritional yeast extracts are also a rich source of B vitamins, particularly B-1, B-2, B-3, B-6, B-12 and folic acid, as cited in "Biochemistry of Human Nutrition." B vitamins are all involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins into usable energy, but some are also important for digestion, immunity and red blood cell production within bone marrow. Some B vitamins are also needed to maintain the health of your skin, nails and hair, and B-12 and folic acid are required for healthy brain chemistry and higher brain functions, such as cognition and short-term memory. Some yeast extracts have additional vitamin B-12 added, which is deficient in many vegetarian foods.
矿物质
Yeast extracts contain at least trace amounts of most essential minerals, but they are an especially good source of chromium. Chromium has many health benefits such as providing your body with an added ability to help lower insulin levels and combat diabetes. A study published in a 2002 edition of the "Journal of Nutrition" found that yeast extract stimulates glucose metabolism and inhibits lipolysis in the fat cells of rats, which was thought to be partially related to its chromium and B complex content. Yeast extracts are also decent sources of zinc, selenium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, copper, vanadium, molybdenum and lithium.
Clearing Up Confusion
酿酒师和营养酵母提取物是由不能用于发酵或发酵的停用酵母菌的。有些人将酵母提取物误认为是引起念珠菌酵母菌感染的物质，但事实并非如此。酵母提取物通常在糖蜜和甘蔗糖的混合物上生长，在最后阶段停用，然后在最后阶段进行巴氏杀菌。酵母提取物不含念珠菌物种，也无法繁殖和引起感染。酵母提取物也是无麸质的产品，但不应用毛抑制剂服用，因为根据“医疗营养和疾病”，这种组合可能会升高您的血压。如果您有过敏，您可能对酵母提取物敏感，应该谨慎。