快速或极端的减肥会导致电解质失衡。电解质是在溶液中变成离子并获得导电能力的物质。它们包括钠、钾、氯、钙和磷酸盐。电解质失衡会造成严重的健康后果。它们会影响你体内的水量、肌肉功能、血液酸度和其他重要的过程。
极端的饮食
根据《国际肥胖杂志》的一项研究，电解质流失已被认为是采用液体蛋白饮食的人死亡的一个可能原因。However, supplementation with electrolytes while following a very-low-calorie diet may prevent this occurrence, states a study in the "Journal of the National Medical Association." Participants followed a very-low-calorie liquid diet supplemented with 600mg of calcium, 600mg of potassium chloride, 350mg of phosphorus, 150mg of magnesium and other vitamins, minerals and trace elements. These subjects only experienced mild electrolyte changes. Very-low-calorie diets should only be conducted under the supervision of a health care provider because of the health risks.
钙
根据《肥胖研究》的一项研究，补充钙可以显著增加节食者的体重减轻和脂肪减少。Researcher Michael B. Zemel and colleagues also found that people who ate more dairy products lost even more weight and fat than those taking calcium supplements. Take supplements under the supervision of a health care provider.
血压
肥胖与高血压有关，高血压会增加心脏病、中风和肾脏疾病的风险。美国心脏协会在《高血压》杂志上发表的一篇文章称，体重减轻可能与血压下降有关，这可能是因为钠摄入量的减少。
饮食失调
根据《营养评论》的一项研究，神经性厌食症患者的血清钾水平较低，尤其是在体重过度下降的情况下，此外，他们的钠和氯水平也较低。High potassium intake corrects these abnormalities. People with bulimia also experience electrolyte imbalances, according to a study published in "Psychological Medicine" by James E. Mitchell and colleagues. They may most commonly experience metabolic alkalosis, or excess bicarbonate; hypochloremia, or low chloride; and hypokalemia, or low potassium.
影响
如果电解质水平过低，可能是由于饮食失调或极低卡路里饮食，可能会有严重的健康后果。根据《默克健康与衰老手册》(Merck Manual of Health and Aging)的说法，低钾或低钾血症会导致血糖升高、疲劳、思维混乱、肌肉无力和痉挛。如果血压水平很低，就会导致瘫痪和心律失常。低钠或低钠血症会导致意识混乱、嗜睡、肌肉无力和癫痫。如果出现电解质失衡的任何症状，应立即就医。