失眠症的特征是难以入睡或入睡，这是非常普遍的。安眠药是治疗失眠的方法之一。

失眠的现代药物治疗通常分为两个广泛的类别：苯二氮卓类药物和非苯二氮卓类药物。

Ambien是通用药物Zolpidem的品牌名称，是一种非苯二氮卓类睡眠药物。

Xanax, the brand name for generic alprazolam, is a benzodiazepine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for anxiety, but it is also used by many people for insomnia2。Ambien和Xanax具有许多功能，但它们也是独一无二的。

FDA Approval and Dosage Forms

Xanax is approved by the FDA for the treatment of anxiety disorders and panic disorders.像所有苯二氮卓类药物一样，Xanax会引起镇静和嗜睡，因此有时会针对非FDA批准的，标签的非标签用作睡眠药物的规定。It is sold in pill form as regular Xanax or a longer-acting form called Xanax XR. Certain other benzodiazepines are FDA-approved for insomnia, including triazolam (Halcion), estazolam (Prosom), temazepam (Restoril), flurazepam (Dalmane) and quazepam (Doral).

Ambien is approved by the FDA for the short-term -- about 4 weeks -- treatment of insomnia.像Xanax一样，Ambien也被出售为常规Ambien或长期行动的Ambien CR。常规Ambien被批准用于难以入睡的人，而Ambien CR则被批准用于入睡和入睡的问题。

作用机理

停止Lexapro时的症状

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Xanax和Ambien通过以通常相似的方式影响身体来增强睡眠。They both act at proteins on the surface of nerve cells called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors. GABA is a protein in the brain called a neurotransmitter that tends to decrease the activity of nerve cells, leading to sedation among other effects.

当Xanax和Ambien与GABA受体相互作用时，这会增加大脑内GABA的影响。

Xanax与各种类型的GABA受体相互作用，而Ambien主要仅与一种类型相互作用。这种差异可以解释为什么Ambien主要作为睡眠药物有效，而Xanax也具有抗焦虑作用。

Sleep-Related Effects

Xanax和Ambien都减少了入睡所需的时间。Ambien CR also helps maintain sleep.

No studies have directly compared the effectiveness of Ambien and Xanax as sleep aids. Other types of benzodiazepines appear to be generally similar to Ambien in promoting sleep, according to a review article published in “Medical Clinics of North America” in May 20101。

但是，有一些证据表明，阿米安可能会少造成正常睡眠模式的中断。实际上，2006年1月发表的一项关于“神经心理学和生物精神病学的进步”的研究报告说，安贝恩增加了在更深层次的睡眠阶段所花费的时间，这导致了更大的白天警觉性4。

副作用

Lunesta with Melatonin

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Next-day sleepiness is a possibility with most pills taken for insomnia. It tends to be less common with Ambien than Xanax. **All benzodiazepines can be abused, cause dependence or addiction and produce withdrawal symptoms such as anxiety or restlessness when stopped after regular use.

People can also become tolerant to benzodiazepines so the drugs become less effective over time.根据2010年的“北美医疗诊所”的文章，Ambien的滥用，依赖，戒断和宽容的可能性较小。1。**

Abnormal thinking, hallucinations, behavior changes or suicidal thoughts may occur with both drugs.

Sleepwalking, sleepdriving and engaging in other dangerous activity when not fully awake have been reported with Ambien.

Falls may occur with Xanax or Ambien when people get out of bed before the drug effects have worn off.

The falls can lead to fractures. A study published in the October 2011 issue of the “Journal of the American Geriatrics Society” found that the likelihood of a fracture was increased about 2 times after people starting taking Ambien and about 1.5 times after they starting taking Xanax.

警告和预防措施

Ambien和Xanax都是强大的镇静剂，如果您最近喝酒或休闲药，不应服用。在Xanax和Ambien互动时，请告诉您的医生您要服用的所有处方药或非处方药或补充剂。不要将任何一种药物与任何非处方的安眠药或含有抗组胺药（例如各种过敏或冷药）结合使用。将药物与称为阿片类药物的强止痛药结合起来特别危险，因为这种组合可以产生深刻的镇静，严重的呼吸问题甚至死亡。

如果您怀孕或母乳喂养，则不应服用Ambien或Xanax。

See your doctor promptly if you notice excessive sedation in the day or suicidal thoughts. Neither Xanax nor Ambien is intended for long-term regular use as a sleep medication.

Reviewed and revised by: Mary D. Daley, M.D.